The Spanish Civil war (July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939) was a warlike conflict that faced the government of the Second Spanish Republic, which had the support of the organizations of left sides, against a part of the army and of the organizations of rights. It was a historical decisive fact of the Spain of the 20th century, there is that the "coup d'état" and the later civil war represented the culmination of all the social, political and ideological contradictions that had generated in the company in the course the previous decades.

The war began with a military raising on July 17, 1936 in the garrison of Melilla, which the following day spread throughout of the State. The president Santiago Casares was replaced Jose Giral, who arranged the armament distribution between the civil population, facilitating the defeat of the rebels in the principal industrial cores, Madrid and the capitals Mediterranean, but the failure of the revolt giving step to a long and bloody war.